To the effective methods of general diagnosis engine tests is in appearance the spark plugs. Condition of electrodes and ceramic insulator cone color of the central electrode has a lot to tell an experienced mechanic. Spark plugs are accurate indicators of each cylinder. Before this test to make sure the control ride on car for 10-15 minutes. During the trip, you can not use a manual choke control mechanism. After the trip - unscrew all the candles and lay them accordingly cylinders in which they worked. Absolutely good for the engine all the candles are equally clean, but the color of the conical ceramic insulator of the central electrode can vary, depending on the total life of the candle. At the new facility will spark the cone of the same color as the rest of the ceramic candle. More common in white ceramic. At the candlelight, after a few thousand kilometers, the ceramic insulator starts to get light shades of yellow, brown or gray. The color depends on the chemical composition of the gasoline that runs the car. Combustion of oil in the cylinder also changes color over time insulator. The old spark is easy to determine on the worn electrodes. In the operation of the metal burns to the electrodes, the gap increases, the shape of the electrodes changes. For example, a new candle with three side electrodes has a central electrode in the form of a small circular cylinder. And the candle, who has worked 60 thousand km. This electrode has a sharp triangular looks like a pencil. Color insulator to the old spark is ash gray and streaked with thin along the length of the insulator. When the deviations in the carburation spark plugs are very quick to react to this change in color of the conical ceramic insulator of the central electrode. As a result of the deterioration of the engine to change the color candles can occur within a few seconds. After the repair facility for self-cleaning of the cone candle will need 10-15 minutes of engine operation at medium speed. The appearance of abnormalities in carburation reduces the combustion temperature of the working mixture. Therefore, the candles are covered with black soot. Causes of carbon: clogged muffler, ignition later, a rich fuel mixture (a lot of gasoline - enough air). When such failures all the candles look the same black. But when a black candle was one of the four, it could mean a fault in the cylinder, and the failure of most candles, her high-voltage wire or the tip. To see exactly what is the reason why you can swap the black and any of the pure candles. I moved the control needed to ride for 10-15 minutes. As a result, travel black candle cleared, and the pure candlestick black. This means that in the cylinder, which turn black candles, there is a fault. When the black candle in the other cylinder is black, and the net in the new place is clean, it means the fault of the black candlestick. Instead, a permutation of candles in places you can replace the whole kit to a new, known-good. The results of the control path on two sets of plugs are the same - failure in the cylinder. And if a second set of spark returned from a trip entirely clear, the faulty spark of the first set. By the way, defective candle can be a car jerks while driving. Features darkening prison on the plugs for different faults, too, are different. Unilateral darkening occurs when an insulator side black, the other - light. The reason for this color is the candle of a leaky valve landing, progorevshy valve sticking in the valve stem guide sleeve, incorrect installation of the belt timing, the deterioration of the capacity of the exhaust system. Sometimes the cone insulator in the interior of the candle is covered with black soot, and the tip of the insulator and the two metal electrodes look clean. This species has a cold for the engine spark, and it must be replaced by the glow of a hot number. When the candle is vykruchennaya dazzling white, or covered with frost like or gray, it means that the candle glow of the number is too hot for the engine. These signs point to a poor mix in the cylinder. There are situations when a candle is vykruchennaya wet. In the engine combustion chamber spark plug can soak gasoline, oil or coolant. There are signs by which one can determine which liquid enters the candle. Gasoline is easy to define by what it dries in a few minutes after it was unscrewed candle. Pouring gasoline often occurs as a result of unsuccessful attempts to start a cold engine. Oil on the electrodes of spark appears when worn caps on valves maslootrazhatelnyh. More rare cause of oil deterioration is cylinder-piston or valve stem breakage of rings on the pistons. The amount of oil, which fell into the combustion chamber can be different. Using a spark plug as an indicator of the engine, you can see at what stage the disease. To diagnose better fit the new standard candles, as a pure insulator better seen any changes. At the first stage of getting the oil into the combustion chamber to the center electrode insulator noticeable dark spots of burnt oil. The amount of this oil is low - so the candle is still fully functional. The next step will be a slight moistening of the lower end of the threaded part of the candles, so-called "skirt". In this case the electrodes are dry, but the metal rim is partially covered with oil. This state has a candle can give irregular bangs into the muffler. This is clearly seen at idle. When driving these pops disappear. Morning start the engine accompanied by a cloud of gray smoke from the exhaust pipe. The color of the smoke like a cigarette. After the engine warms exhaust smoke is reduced. All these signs indicate a marked increase in oil consumption. A further stage of deterioration will be a complete wetting end of the threaded part. Insulator is 80% covered with dark spots of burnt oil. Increases the frequency of irregular popping into the muffler at idle. Each lightweight cotton in the muffler - it misfires. Oil candles on the electrodes deteriorates process sparks. At full wet spark ignition stops working mixture and the cylinder is practically unable to work. Exhaust tapped regular, rhythmic clapping. With increasing engine speed bangs do not go away, the engine - troit. When the process of increasing the oil passage begins with a working fuel and ignition system excellent condition, the droplets of oil are burned candles at the electrodes, without having to wet it. In this case the oil droplets are transformed into ash, which appears on the hottest parts of the electrodes. Accumulation of ash increases the thickness of the electrodes. Ash is easy to clean, but it's better not to do to replace the oil seals valves. When the engine ash easily gains the heat and it helps burn oil. Running the engine can be flat, even with thick ash deposits on the plugs. Once to remove the ash from the electrodes - the oil ceases to burn the candle for a short time get wet - the cylinder will not work. To repair without even the motor is often used such methods: set with candles glowing hotter number, use a candle with a short skirt, enjoy vvertyshami to increase the distance from the electrode spark to the combustion chamber, wearing high-tips on the candles, especially leaving a small gap, thus increasing voltage spark. All that - temporary, ineffective and dangerous to the health of the car. The best method - a normal repair. The coolant may occur in the combustion chamber as a result of leaks cylinder head gasket. Rarer causes - a crack in the hull liner or casing in the cylinder head. Even more rare causes - getting the fluid through the intake manifold because of leaks in the heating of the carburetor. The final reason is valid only for Japanese cars. In practice, the weakening of the common clamping the cylinder head, and as a result of this - getting the fluid into the combustion chamber. By candlelight, from the hot engine vykruchennoy difficult to determine the presence of coolant, especially when the flow of this fluid is low. Reliable way to test liquid into the combustion chamber - a cold engine at no more than 10 seconds. After stopping to unscrew all the candles. In a short time candle is heated, the liquid is drawn into the chamber rapidly because of large gaps in the cold engine. The candle coolant looks like tiny drops of dew. As a result, the engine warm-up gap on the strip is reduced by the expansion of the metal, and the flow of fluids on hot engine can just stop. Bad pressed gasket may be accompanied by an unstable job engine. The weakening of pressing, often occurs due to overheating of the motor, which in turn causes deformation of the casing of the cylinder head. Another way to check is that a cold engine for a few seconds when the starter is scrolled vykruchennyh spark plugs. Before this test must always take steps to disable the spark and the closure of petrol! Next to each spark plug hole to keep a piece of white cardboard. After scrolling the motor against faulty cylinder on the cardboard will drop of dew. When buying new spark plugs should be wary of those that produced "under license from leading companies" in other countries, or simply imitations of famous brands. Typically, these candles have a shorter life of work and more variation in the glowing numbers, which can lead to breakage of the engine. In appearance to distinguish a forgery can be poorly executed package, blurry picture on it, ill-treated hexagon candle slightly skewed or irregular labels marking.
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